A volcano propels gases into the athmosphere. In this 3D case study, the problem is represented by means of a turbulent jet with lateral side wind. Many interesting physical ingredients of a turbulent flow are reproduced in this application. While a simple turbulent shear layer is formed on the side opposed to the wind, the region protected from the wind is characterised by a complex interaction of turbulent structures detaching from the plume and from boundary layers on the ground and on the cone of the volcano.

A device of the type "lab-on-a-chip" contains fluids that need to be controlled accurately at micro-scale. A flow-focusing device solves the task of separating one of the phases ("the red phase") in a two-phase flow into regular portions, without mechanical interaction. This is achieved at a cross section of two channels, where the second phase ("the blue phase") is injected from two sides in a lateral direction, squeezing the red fluid and forcing the creation of regular portions.

The unsteady transient flow around a sphere placed in a rectangular channel is presented. The Reynolds number is equal to 420. Thermal convection is also simulated, since the sphere has a constant temperature which is higher than that of the surrounding fluid. The Prandtl number is 1.2 This problem may seem simple, but it is quite difficult, since at this Reynolds number a complex flow pattern is formed downstream the sphere, as shows in the animations that follow.

The geometry of this three-phase problem is defined by the porous rock structure of solid magma. The pores are filled with liquid magma which interacts with the solid through melting/cristallisation. Hot gas bubbles raising inside this media through buoyancy are responsible for heat convection, leading ultimately to complete melting.

A classical benchmark for free-surface models, this simulation describes the evolution of a fluid initially confined in a rectangular box. As one of the side walls is removed, the fluid enters a larger confined domain which it fills at a well-known rate. For this application, Palabos makes use of a free-surface model inspired by a volume-of-fluid method.

Two water dropplets surrounded by air are projected against each other and join due to surface tension. While the dam break problem was solved with a free-surface, single-phase model, the present problem is attacked with a multi-phase model which supports large viscosity ratios (water/air).

Two same-diameter cylinders are connected at a 90% angle, forming a t-shape. A constant flow pours in through the left branch of the horizontal cylinder and splits into the two connecting branches. Numerically challenging due to the sharp edges and the long-tailed vortex in the vertical branch, this model is of interest for the study of artery grafts in medical physics.

A heavy fluid sits initially on top of a light fluid. When the symmetry is broken, an instability occurs and the heavy fluids penetrates into the light one.